The Free Enterprise of Capitalism in Capitalism A Love...

What is Capitalism? Is it a free enterprise where industries and trading are privately controlled? According to Michael, Capitalism is ‘a system of taking and giving, mostly taking’. In the documentary Capitalism: A Love Story, Michael Moore tackles the issue of Capitalism in a never ending quest to educate society. Capitalism: A Love Story directed by Michael Moore is a one-sided representation of Capitalism and its negative effects and irresponsibly promotes unlawful revolt against the government and large corporations. The documentary achieves this through the silencing and marginalising of alternate viewpoint and perspectives. It uses irrelevant evidence and out of context analogies to entice disapproval towards Capitalism. Most concerning, the documentary exaggerates the power of the upper class and the vulnerability of the middle class when it could have created a balanced representation of Capitalism. A falsified fact is easily recognizable but it is harder to find what isn’t there. In gestation.silences and marginalises alternate viewpoints and perspectives through the omission of important details and lack of interviews with upright members of society. Throughout the documentary, Moore shows the foreclosure of multiple homes but does not fully explain the reasons for their foreclosures. Most importantly, Moore only interviews those who are either extremely disadvantaged or extremely rich, leaving out the average members of society. Moore realises that those whoShow MoreRelatedCapitalism: A Love Story Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagespromotes capitalism enables businesses to gain wealth at the expense of the consumer’s wealth. Ultimately this becomes a question of morality as these corporations reap the money from hardworking citizens for the purpose of greed and exploitation of the free market economy. In the film, Capitalism: A love story, the film makers use conve ntions and point of view to show that capitalism in America is an evil that is better replaced by democracy. Michael Moore warns everyone that promoting capitalism willRead MorePerversions of Capitalism in Michael Moores Capitalism: A Love Story660 Words   |  3 PagesCapitalism came into being as a social and economic system when private individuals or corporations--as opposed to the state or classes of people--began to build businesses where the goal was profit motivated for the self-interest of the owner. This is opposed to a socialist system where the business may be owned by the state and/or profiting the state. In an ideal world, it is the economic establishment of the individual right for self-accomplishment. 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Second, the de facto power of a group dependsRead MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 Pages90 The Leadership Team: Complementary Strengths or Conï ¬â€šicting Agendas? Stephen A. Miles and Michael D. Watkins 100 Avoiding Integrity Land Mines Ben W. Heineman, Jr. 20 33 FORETHOUGHT HBR CASE STUDY Why Didn t We Know? Ralph Hasson 45 FIRST PERSON Preparing for the Perfect Product Launch THOU SHALT †¦page 58 James P. 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Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practiceRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesof the gay clubs of Chicago and New York. The new style had been picked up by British DJs in Ibiza, who combined it with the drug Ecstasy to create a new ‘blissed-out’ sound. Dance music arrived in the UK during 1988, the so-called ‘Second Summer of Love’, strongly associated with recreational drugs. By the early 1990s, drug-dealing in its most ugly sense had become part of the dance culture. 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The Effects Of Hazing On High School Athletics - 1225 Words

While being part of a sports team during your high school tenure is the most meaningful aspect to a student-athlete time there, identically in the same fashion hazing is often considered one of the most significant hidden problem. Sometimes it can be looked on as kids being kids but when a negative effect formed by overseers, it alters the perception of the situation. Hazing has been the essential point of concerns when it comes to school tradition or even harmless fun within the programs. Challenging the importance of these involvements, poses as a risk of physical and mental harm for many individuals. The explanations obtained information from the articles that provided an understanding of what is at stake when these circumstances keep†¦show more content†¦In addition the larger schools are often seen as a place where the students can be overlooked and even engaged in more freedom to act in violent ways. This allows the understanding that â€Å"these conditions are hypoth esized to create a disorganized and devalued and teachers are less able to monitor and supervise their students† (Klein, 1). A larger school environment showcases the behaviors that are essential to the disobedience that occurs when circumstances such as bullying and hazing are involved. ON the contrary the smaller schools have the ability to have a more secure capabilities to manage the misbehaviors because of the size being less significant. Smaller schools â€Å"are regarded as more orderly environments where students feel better supported, safer, and more willing to comply with school rules† (Klein, 1). The closely knitted community feel of a small school is what ensures that the size of the school does matter, however being at a bigger school provides emotions that seem distant and aggressively contrasting of the smaller schools. The main perspectives are explained throughout the emphasis of the cultures of the larger school being about effectiveness and the smalle r about supportiveness. For example, larger schools are compared to urban low-income populations which raises the occurrence of the issues at hand. While smaller schools are usually in suburban areas or even private schools that are middle to high class income. The article states that â€Å"higher

I am the forest, writing on be... free essay sample

I am the forest, writing on behalf of my mute children whom you have pledged to clear from existence. I address this not to the people who breathe with iron lungs nor to the people who feel with metallic hearts but to the last living remnant of compassion and humanity in each one of you. Hope you have enough clean air to breathe when you read this, because I dont. Have you ever wondered what my children, the trees would say if they could speak? They are sad, angry, disappointed yet somehow manage to be compassionate and forgiving, which is truly the saddest of all. My children watch while you cut down their siblings. You merciless humans, plow down such beautiful creations, and all for what? A little more elbow room? You deprive them of their basic needs; obstruct their path to find water with your plastic wastes. They suffocate themselves so that you can breathe without any obstructions. We will write a custom essay sample on I am the forest, writing on be or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You dont even let them mourn in peace. That is what happens in autumn. Perhaps when my children shed their leaves, they are weeping for all they have lost, all they have been unjustly robbed off as you just watch them wail. You watch them mourn and you think that its beautiful.You, who are destroyers at heart, riot through life with torches and pitchforks in your hands, leaving bones and fire and rotting flesh in your wake. It is a shame that we have to face your gratuitous wrath. If only my children could speak. If only they could testify you. If only they could be granted justice. If only they could strike back. Broken shrieks of despair and fury would erupt from their throats. We were here first, You havent the right, After all we have done for you, they would say. Their branches would blaze with fire, rage dancing in the flames as you steal their existence, leaving only a stump of life before swiping that away, too. Lifeless bare branches would cast their haunting shadows over the ground, wishing they could trap you in their livid hold. Take my word. They could trample you; they would win and I would be glad when they do.Humans are the most disappointing creation. Trees, after all of their long years, would be wise enough to realize this. Pride and greed blind you, and you do not see past your selfish needs. The green monster in your heads sputters out demands for more, more, more. The trees only give. They provide oxygen and shade and something truly beautiful to look at. If they could speak, they would say, You should all be ashamed of yourselves. And you should be.Despite all that you are guilty of, the trees express compassion. They give you shade when you are too hot. They stand over you like watchdogs, wishing away the heat. Even so, you complain of the uncomfortable ground that they reside in. You ungrateful beasts, even when they let you ogle at their beauty while they are weeping in the sad autumn months asking what they did to deserve their undoing, they allow you to scrape together the remains of their grief and they only watch as you have the audacity to play with their leaves as if they came from joy.My children are so forgiving. It is a mystery to me, why they excuse you after all that you have done. They mourn in autumn, thrive in summer and become leafless and lifeless in winter. Yet spring will always come again, without fail. My children will forgive you, it is in their nature. They will bloom for you again, and you will remain oblivious to the absolution they grant you. Their leaves will stretch down, offering a gentle caress that can only be saying: We forgive you. I wish they were not so kind. You do not deserve their mercy. Perhaps that is why trees are so much taller than you. They tower over you and you are forced to look up at them. No wonder you are so small. As your fellow human, Maggie Stiefvater said, If I were a tree, I would have no reason to love a human, and yes, my children have no reason to love you, to purify the air you breathe, to give you shade, wood or their products. Yet, they do. They love you and let you rejoice at the cost of their sorrow.Who has not looked on the flowering laburnum and laughed in sheer joy? Who has not watched the red orange burst of the flame of the forest and been inspired? Who has not stolen mangoes, climbed banyans and tamarind trees and then taken respite in the shade? Can you ever just look at a tree in its prime, with the wind in its leaves, or the light spilling through its branches, or the rain sweeping down its trunk and not be moved? How can one not feel protective of a young gentle sapling struggling in a storm, knowing it has a long way to go?One blessed human, Rabindranath Tagore, wrote:The same stream of life that runs through my veins night and day runs through the world and dances in r hythmic measures. It is the same life that shoots in joy through the dust of the earth in numberless blades of grass and breaks into tumultuous waves of leaves and flowers.It is the same life that is rocked in the ocean-cradle of birth and of death, in ebb and in flow. I feel my limbs are made glorious by the touch of this world of life. And my pride is from the life-throb of ages dancing in my blood this moment.If that remnant of compassion still remains alive within you, leave us alone. Start recycling paper. Reduce pollution. We cannot take more of your toxins. Come to us for the products we willingly give you. Dont force my children to consume your artificial fertilizers. To build your houses, you have destroyed the homes of my animal friends. Let them survive. Dont make them suffer the same fate we were doomed to so far. We share the same space that the Mother Earth has graciously given us. Let us not compete, because whoever wins, it will be you who will take up the heavier losses.

Online Shopping in New Zealand free essay sample

Cultural and Social Aspects The culture of buying footwear online is very much present in New Zealand, with their online shopping expenditure to reach $3. 19 billion, a growth of 19 percent since 2011. 1. 9 million New Slanderer over the age of 15 will make online purchases, with retail categories with the strongest growth being the clothing and footwear categories (PWS 2012). Almost half of New Sealants population will shop online in 2011 with each shopper spending an average of NZ$1,400. Consumers are looking to find more variety with the best price on offer and online sales creates the platform or them to do so, with the ability to compare prices from many local and international stores. New Slanderer also has a high adoption of social media, with 81 percent of online shoppers using Faceable within the last 12 months. This has allowed social media to be an integral tool in the online shopping process, as evidenced by more than one third of online shoppers in New Zealand following an online shopping site on Faceable (Business to Business, n. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Shopping in New Zealand or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . ). In terms of their culture for doing business in New Zealand, they are not of the arraigning culture and they look for value for money in a business (Quintessential n. D. ). In Forbears annual list of Best countries for Business, it was ranked number one, citing that its transparent and stable business climate that encourages entrepreneurship. In the 11 metrics that Forbes examined, New Zealand ranked in first in four of those metrics including personal freedom, investor protection, lack of red tape and corruption (New Zealand 2012). New Zealand is a good place for overseas investors as it is open, stable and a well governed country. Though a small country, New Slanderer are smart, innovative and efficient in how they go about doing their business. The working environment in New Zealand is said to be very easy as people are generally very straightforward and down to earth. They typically respect a challenger and the willingness to absorb ideas and to try things. Another aspect is that they have a high level of education and skill level generally (New Zealand 2011). On a whole, an investment in New Zealand is an investment in people who possess the willingness and would want to cooperate ND work collaboratively to make good products and services (New Zealand 2011). Consumers in New Zealand are increasingly accessing the net using a mobile device rather than a computer. Indicating that consumers are valuing convenience and surfing the net while on the move (Remuneration 2012). Also, more and more consumers are getting comfortable with shopping on the Internet, as it proves to be much more efficient than shopping in the mall. Letting researchers believe that the trend of gift giving cards as presents would grow stronger in New Zealand Remuneration 2 Key Success Factors The key driver for consumers in New Zealand shopping online is the lower prices, with over 51% of them indicating that lower prices compared to those in physical stores is the main reason why they shop online (PWS 2012). Over the years, online shopping has received media attention with regard to the lower prices from international retailers. This has raised more awareness about online shopping locally and overseas (PWS 2012). Several other factors are also driving growth in the online channel, which are the rater variety and choice of goods, the widespread use of mobile devices and the use of social media by both consumers and retailers, which helps to drive awareness. Customers are also increasingly seeking greater value for money products which online sales can provide a platform for (PWS 2012). As consumers are also seeking greater convenience and greater efficiency, the use mobile devices provide the key enablers to growth in online shopping (PWS 2012).

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality Introduction: The meaning of personality Personality is a term that refers to unique, relatively stable aspects of a given character . Personality normally deals with a wide range of human behavior. To most theorists, one can conclude that personality includes virtually everything about a person: mental, emotional, social, and physical. It is worth mentioning that there are certain aspects of human beings that may not be observable.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include aspects such as thoughts, memories and dreams. On the other hand, there are certain aspects which are observable. These include overt actions. In addition to this, personality also includes aspects which might be concealed to oneself. These are termed as conscious or unconscious aspects which are normally within our awareness. Theories of pers onality There are many theories which have been put across in an attempt to explain the nature of a man. It is worth noting the fact that there are four criteria that a theory of personality should satisfy: description, explanation, prediction and control of behavior. Human behavior can be considered to be quite complicated. In this case, a coherent and clear theory enables a person to be able to bring order out of this chaos. A good personality theory explains the phenomena under study. It offers answers to such significant questions as the causes of individual differences in personality, why people are different in their own right and also why other people seem to be pathological as compared to other people. To most psychologists, the litmus test of a theory is the ability of the theory to predict future events and behaviors among the human beings. A valuable theory usually leads to important practical applications. It facilitates control and change of the environment, for example , by bringing about better techniques of parenting, education, or even psychotherapy. There are several theories which have been postulated in this light. These theories have been postulated by several psychologists who have attempted to explain the nature of man. In this case, we are going to be looking at two main theorists. These are Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. The Psychoanalytic theory Freud named his theory Psychoanalysis. This term is also used to denote the form of psychotherapy that Freud originated. In essence, this theory is based on the belief that people could be cured when their thoughts, which were unconscious, were brought to a conscious state and thus they were able to know what they were going through.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was important because it enabled them to gain insight of what they were going through in the course of life. The m ain focus of this theory was to enable people to release repressed emotions and experiences. Psychoanalytic theory is a theory which is based on the concept that forces motivating behavior is derived from the unconscious mental processes. The common occurrence of perception implies that much of our personality is usually beyond what we can call our immediate awareness. Freud concluded that most of our personality which was largely influenced by our mental activity was unconscious. This implies that it cannot be called to mind even with great effort. Information that is not conscious at a given moment, but which can readily become so, is described as preconscious. The preconscious is considered to be closer to the conscious because it is largely within our control. Freud’s major theories of the mind follow. The topographic theory of the mind In this case, the mind is made up of the unconscious mind. This mind contains repressed thoughts and feelings. These feelings and thought s are usually unavailable to the unconscious mind. In this case, primary process is a type of thinking which is associated with primitive drives, wish fulfillment and pleasure. This does not involve logic and time. On the other hand, the dreams represent gratification of the unconscious instinctual impulses and wish fulfillment. Secondly, the preconscious mind contains memories that, although not readily available, they can be accessed by the conscious mind. Lastly, the conscious mind contains thoughts that a person is currently aware of but does not have access to the unconscious mind. The structural theory of the mind According to this theory, the mind is divided into three parts. That is the id, ego and superego. The id is usually present at birth. This represents the instinctual drives that a person has. These include the sexual urges and drives. In addition, this structural component is characterized with pleasure principle. In essence, the id is not influenced by circumstances that might be taking place in the external environment at all. The ego begins to develop at birth. This component controls the id in order to adapt to the changes which are taking place outside the world. It is the component that uses reality testing in order to make sense of what is going on around the world. It brings a balance between the super ego and id in the course of life.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung and their view of human personality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The superego is a component which begins to develop about 6 years of age. It is the component which controls the id. It is usually associated with the moral values and the conscience. The intra-psychic conflict occurs or takes place among the components of the mind. That is, the id, ego and super ego. This conflict is usually a direct result of behavior which might need justification in order to obtain bala nce. These conflicts at times lead to changes in personality as a person develops and learns to cope with the events within the environment. Personality development Sigmund Freud developed five stages which he argued determined how a person’s personality develops over time. According to this theory, when a child is born, his or her center of pleasure revolves on the mouth. This is associated with activities such as suckling, chewing and biting. From one to three years, the centers of pleasure shift to the anal. This implies that the child derives her source of pleasure through defecating. The third stage is the phallic stage; this takes place between three to six years. During this stage, the children derive sexual pleasure through stimulating their genitals. At this stage, the Electra and Oedipus complexes emerge. The fourth stage is the latency stage. During this stage, the sexual urges are rechanneled to school work. The child, at this stage, internalizes societal values a nd the environment where one grows. Lastly, there is the genital stage, this is marked by the emergence of adolescence. It is worth noting that according to this theory, when a person does not fulfill the demands and pleasures at each stage, the person becomes fixated. Some of these traits later emerge in adulthood. Application of psychoanalysis This is a therapeutic approach which utilizes various techniques in order to ensure that the client is properly treated. These approaches include free association, resistance analysis, transference analysis and dream analysis. These techniques are used to treat anxiety disorders such as phobias. In addition, these techniques are used to treat people who have depression. In this approach, treatment is a process which entails encouraging the client to speak and share their experiences. However, there is caution when it comes to dealing with transference and counter-transference issues when dealing with a client.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychoanalysis as a scientific theory The scientific status of this theory has been under scrutiny by many. This debate has been raging on. This is because the basis of this theory is on the unconscious activities. These are activities which are not empirical. Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist, called his new approach Analytical Psychology. This was done so that he could differentiate it from Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Like Freud, he emphasized the unconscious determinants of personality. However, he had a different approach to the state of affairs when he proposed that the unconscious consists of two layers. The first layer, he called it the Personal Unconscious, is essentially the same as Freud’s version of the unconscious. According to Jung, the personal unconscious houses material from one’s life that is within one’s conscious awareness because it has been repressed or forgotten. In addition, Jung theorized that t he existence of a deeper layer he called the Collective Unconscious. Essentially, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people’s ancestral past that is shared with the entire human race. Jung called these ancestral memories Archetypes. They are not memories of actual personal experiences. Instead, archetypes are emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning. These archetypal images and ideas show up frequently in dreams and are often manifested in culture’s use of symbols in art, literature, and religion. Jung felt that an understanding of archetypal symbols helped him make sense of great concern to him because he depended extensively on dream analysis in his treatment of patients. Let us have a detailed look at this theory. Therapy Jung contributed much to this field. Key among his contributions wes the use of the personality typologies to foster understanding and reduce interpersonal conflicts, an d the use of dreams to enhance personal growth and highlight important aspects of the dreamer’s life and journey. Contrary to Freud, he believed that the person who had the dream was the most likely person to ultimately understand what it meant. He was always willing to work with patients to help them to interpret their dream. According to him, there was no right interpretation, however, believed that the dream was rightly interpreted when it made sense to the client. Jung’s religious upbringing and exploration of diverse religious perspectives made him be sensitive and open to spiritual and religious possibilities. Jung held the belief that the voices people hear in the dreams may not be of their own making, rather they came from a source which was transcending us. Synchronicity This was a term which was coined by Jung to explain the occurrence of events which seemed to be coincidental. He coined this term to refer to seemingly accidental life events that are tied tog ether by the meanings we give them. These are acausal happenings, episodes that do not seem to follow the normal cause and effect processes. One can almost feel the flow of the interconnections and sometimes even laugh at them. Essentially, Jung describes synchronicity in relation to his own etymological analysis of the linguistic unconscious of the term, finding the association with simple simultaneity. In this case, simultaneity as a term lacks the element of recognition that generates meaning due to mutuality of physical and psychological states. Synchronicity, in Jung’s case, created the impression that some simultaneous activities which occurred in light of one or more external events appeared to be meaningful to a person subjective state. Personality types Jung described eight personality types, each characterized by a predominance of one of the four functions, used in either extraverted or introverted attitude. According to Jung, people can be classified using the huma n mental functions, that is, seeing – intuition and thinking – feeling, a person’s attitude, which is, extraversion – introversion. In essence, according to him, a person’s personality is derived from certain dimensions which include extraversion and introversion sensing and intuition thinking and feeling judging and perceiving. When establishing a personality type, there is an acronym which is used according to this theory. This is the ISTJ which can be decoded to imply introvert, sensing, thinking and judging or ENFP which might be construed to imply extravert, intuitive, feeling and perceiving. This typology is used to determine the personality type. Personality structure According to Jung, the structural nature of personality reflected a redefined and expanded view of the unconscious mind. In this theory, the conscious ego is the center of conscious awareness of the self. The major functions of the conscious ego are to make the individual awa re of his or her internal processes, for instance, thoughts or feelings off pain and the external world that is, surrounding noises through sensation and perceptions at a level of awareness necessary for day to day functioning. Personal unconscious This is directly next to the ego and it is completely below conscious awareness, Jung called it the personal unconscious region of the mind. Its contents included all those thoughts, memories, and experiences that were momentarily not being though about or were being repressed because they were too emotionally threatening. In his description, he came up with a complex which implies a collection of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and memories that center on a particular concept. The collective unconscious In this case, the collective unconscious was conceptualized as being transpersonal in nature. According to him, a person’s mind contains an unconscious region which is shared by all people. This region is usually developed over time and it is usually transferred from one generation to another. The principal function of this wisdom in the collective unconscious is to predispose individuals to respond to certain external situations in a given manner. This maximizes the development of the individual. There are several aspects which are associated with this aspect. They include the archetypes; these are universal thoughts, symbols, or images having a large amount of emotion attached to them. Their special status come from the importance they have gained across the many generations and the significant role they play in day to day living. For example, the archetype of the mother is an image of a nurturer. The persona is an archetype which develops over time as a result of the tendency to adopt the social roles and norms that go along with living with other people. The animus and anima are the aspects which bring out the aspect of being male or feminine. The shadow, on the other hand, represents the dark and the more primitive side of the personality. The self is considered to be among the important archetypes because is that which predisposes the individual to unite all of the other aspects to bring out an individual. Conclusion In conclusion, both Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung had a similar perspective regarding human personality. In this sense, they embraced the fact that the unconscious mind played a major role towards personality development. They also had a similar approach to treating patients in their approaches. However, their background influenced their differing views to a great extent. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the differences which ensued from their practice and theory had contributed a great deal to the field of psychology. References Ewen, R. B. (2003). An introduction to theories of personality. New York: Routledge. Sommers-Flanagan, J., Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy theories in context and practice:skills, strategies, and techniques. New Yo rk: John Wiley and Sons.

Italianate Homes, Romantic and Picturesque

Italianate Homes, Romantic and Picturesque Of all the homes built in the United States during the Victorian era, the romantic Italianate style became the most popular for a short period of time. With their nearly-flat roofs, wide eaves, and massive brackets, these homes suggested the romantic villas of Renaissance Italy. The Italianate style is also known as Tuscan, Lombard, or bracketed. Italianate and the Picturesque Movement The historical roots of Italianate styles are in Italian Renaissance architecture. Some of the first Italian villas were designed by Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio in the 16th century. Palladio reinvented Classical architecture, melding the designs of a Roman temple into residential architecture. By the 19th century, English-speaking architects were reinventing Roman designs yet again, capturing the flavor of what they imagined to be the Italian villa look. The Italianate style began in England with the picturesque movement. For centuries English homes tended to be formal and classical in style. Neoclassical architecture was orderly and proportioned.  With the picturesque movement, however, the landscape gained importance. Architecture not only became integral to its surroundings, but also became a vehicle for experiencing the natural world and surrounding gardens. The pattern books of British-born landscape architect Calvert Vaux (1824-1895) and the American Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-1852) brought this concept to an American audience. Especially popular was A. J. Downings 1842 book Rural Cottages and Cottage-Villas and their Gardens and Grounds Adapted to North America. American architects and builders such as  Henry Austin (1804-1891) and Alexander Jackson Davis (1803-1892) began to design fanciful recreations of Italian Renaissance villas. Architects copied and reinterpreted the style for buildings in the United States, making Italianate architecture in the U.S. uniquely American in style. One of the finest examples of late Victorian Italianate architecture is owned by the National Park Service. The John Muir National Historic Site in Martinez, California lays claim to the 17-room John Muir Mansion, built in 1882, and inherited by the famous American naturalist. Queen Victoria ruled England for a long, long time - from 1837 until her death in 1901 - so Victorian architecture is more a time frame than a specific style. During the Victorian era, emerging styles captured a large audience by the widely-published house pattern books packed with building plans and home building advice. Prominent designers and illustrators published many plans for Italianate and Gothic Revival style homes. By the late 1860s, the fashion had swept through North America. Why Builders Loved the Italianate Style Italianate architecture knew no class boundaries. The high square towers made the style a natural choice for upscale homes of the newly rich. However the brackets and other architecture details, made affordable by new methods for machine production, were easily applied to simple cottages. Historians say that Italianate became the favored style for two reasons: (1) Italianate homes could be constructed with many different building materials, and the style could be adapted to modest budgets; and (2) new technologies of the Victorian era made it possible to quickly and affordably produce cast-iron and press-metal decorations. Many 19th century commercial buildings, including urban rooming houses, were constructed with this practical yet elegant design. Italianate remained the preferred house style in the U.S. until the 1870s, when the Civil War curbed the progress of construction. Italianate was also a common style for modest structures like barns and for larger public buildings such as town halls, libraries, and train stations. You will find Italianate buildings in nearly every part of the United States except for the deep South. There are fewer Italianate buildings in the southern states because the style reached its peak during the Civil War, a time when the south was economically devastated. Italianate was an early form of Victorian architecture. After the 1870s, architectural fashion turned toward late Victorian styles such as Queen Anne. Italianate Features Italianate homes can be wood-sided or brick, with commercial and public properties often being masonry. The most common Italianate styles will often have many of these characteristics: a low-pitched or flat roof; a balanced, symmetrical rectangular shape; a tall appearance, with two, three, or four stories; wide, overhanging eaves with large brackets and cornices; a square cupola; a porch topped with balustraded balconies; tall, narrow, paired windows, often arched with hood moldings projecting above the windows; a side bay window, often two stories tall; heavily molded double doors; Roman or segmented arches above windows and doors; and rusticated quoins on masonry buildings. Italianate house styles in America can seem like a mix of characteristics from different eras, and sometimes they are. The Italian-inspired Renaissance Revival homes are more palatial but still often confused with the Victorian Italianate style. The French-inspired Second Empire, like houses in the Italianate style, often feature a high, square tower. Beaux Arts buildings are grand and elaborate, often embracing Italianate ideas along with Classical. Even Neo-Mediterranean builders of the 20th century re-visited Italianate themes. Victorian architecture encompasses a variety of popular styles, but ask yourself how picturesque each is. Examples of Italianate Houses Italiante houses can be found across the United States. often tucked away in unexpected places. The Lewis House built in 1871, is on a side road outside Ballston Spa, New York. Not named for the original owner, the Lewis family converted historic home near Saratoga Springs into a Bed Breakfast business. Italianate Lewis House, 1871, Ballston Spa, New York. Jackie Craven In Bloomington, Illinois you can visit Clover Lawn, built in 1872. Also known as the David Davis Mansion, the architecture combines Italianate and Second Empire stylings. David Davis Mansion, 1872, Illinois. Teemu08 via Wikimedia Commons, own work, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-SA 3.0) cropped The Andrew Low House in Savannah, Georgia was built in 1849. This historic house by New York architect John Norris has been described as Italianate, most notably because of its urban garden landscaping. To get the full sense of Italiante details, especially the roof, the observer must step back both physically and in time. Andrew Low House, 1849, Savannah, Georgia. Carol M. Highsmith/Getty Images (cropped) Sources Italianate Architecture and History, Old-House Journal, August 10, 2011, https://www.oldhouseonline.com/articles/all-about-italianates [accessed August 28, 2017]Italianate Villa/Italianate Style 1840 - 1885, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/architecture/styles/italianate.html  [accessed August 28, 2017]A Field Guide to American Houses by Virginia and Lee McAlester, Knopf, 1984, 2013American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home by Lester Walker, Overlook, 1998American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 2002Photo Credits: Clover Lawn, Teemu08 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) cropped; Andrew Low House, Carol M. Highsmith/Getty Images (cropped); Lewis House, Jackie CravenCOPYRIGHT: The articles you see on the pages of this website are copyrighted. You may link to them or print them for your own use, but do not copy them into a blog, web page, or print publication without permission.

American Cinema into the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Cinema into the 21st Century - Essay Example The Social and Economic Context of the Period In the late 1980s to the early 1990s, the term â€Å"popular culture† became a mainstay, due to the dominance of culture in American cinema and the media. This indicated a shift from â€Å"empirical studies to studies of cultural forms and meanings†. During this time, focus was placed on audience and different forms of mass communication, which included music videos, computer and video games, soap operas, and the Internet. Research moved, particularly in the United States, to finding links between such mass communication and behaviour of society; emphasis was placed on popular culture and media studies. Cinema emulated these shifts in a number of areas from sociology and feminism to economics and history . Technological Developments As cinema entered the 21st century, a number of technological developments were made. Of the more prominent developments was the use of computers, replacing hand-drawn cartoons and physically cre ated special effects. In 2010, Walt Disney Pictures’ animated studio, Pixar, stretched the limits of possibility in the creation of â€Å"Toy Story 3,† the third successful installment of the wildly popular computer generated imagery (CGI) film in the Toy Story trilogy. Pixar has proven, time after time, that it has the expertise to create what would be impossible to animate by hand. One particular challenge in creating the film was crafting a very complicated scene in which the film’s primary characters must make their way on a conveyor belt within a garbage processing plant. What seemed like millions of tiny pieces of diced garbage is moving toward a gigantic furnace, while the characters interact within the scene. In watching the scene, Pixar succeeds in making the audience feel as though they are watching live-action. The garbage reflects the lighting within the facility as it travels down the conveyor. The detail of the tiny pieces of garbage is truly amazi ng, somewhat gross, but the sequence is amazing nonetheless. Terdiman (2010) explains that Pixar did not have the finances or time available to them to manually animate the sequence, so the technical director and his team were forced to be creative with what resources they did have—computers. The thousands upon thousands of tiny pieces of garbage were procedurally animated and brought to life. Similarly, for the garbage bags in the sequence, procedural animation was put to use. Since the bags served such a critical purpose to the plot, it was important they look as real as possible so as not to distract the audience from the overall viewing experience (Terdiman 2010). According to Anderson, a Pixar representative, the talented animators do not intend to break ground with each film they create. Obstacles arise, and it is their job to creatively handle the situation. If that means improving processes or inventing new ones that change the way future films are created, great, but that is not the intention. The animators at Pixar are highly-skilled professionals who want to create something better than what they previously put out—innovations that just come naturally (Terdiman 2010). The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Rings (2001) utilized CGI technology, but also incorporated live-action and a process